[289] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. [273] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. Mary Elizabeth Sherman (1852-1925) 2. He married Emily Cynthia Babbitt in 1854. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. [210] For instance, Alabama-born Major Henry Hitchcock, who served in Sherman's staff, declared that "it is a terrible thing to consume and destroy the sustenance of thousands of people," but if the scorched earth strategy served "to paralyze their husbands and fathers who are fighting it is mercy in the end". Critical press reports about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville in October 1861. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." Concerning Him (1859-1864) Made by L. Bourgeois and Affirmed to be True Copies by David F. Boyd, 30 September 1875; Copies of Letters to and by William Tecumseh Sherman; Drafts of Letters, Reports, and Speeches by William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. [237][238] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. Louis. [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. [235] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". He voiced this view in remarks to a joint session of the Texas legislature in 1875, although the U.S. Army under Sherman's command never conducted its own program of bison extermination. William was born in 1865. (Person) Language of Materials English. Birthdate: September 05, 1855. [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. He privately ridiculed Lincoln's call for 75,000 three-month volunteers to quell secession, reportedly saying: "Why, you might as well attempt to put out the flames of a burning house with a squirt-gun. After the marriage of their son Charles R. Sherman to Mary Hoyt, they . Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. This new edition, published by Appleton, added a second preface, a chapter about his life up to 1846, a chapter concerning the post-war period (ending with his 1884 retirement from the army), several appendices, portraits, improved maps, and an index. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. Sherman was one of the few Union officers to distinguish himself in the field and historian Donald L. Miller has characterized Sherman's performance at Bull Run as "exemplary". [225] Tasked with guarding a vast territory with limited forces, Sherman grew weary of the multitude of requests for military protection addressed to him. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. In 1850 Sherman married one of the Ewing daughters, Ellen. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. What emerges is a landmark portrait of a brilliant but tormented soul, haunted by a family legacy of mental illness and relentlessly driven to . I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. Sherman was then the San Francisco manager of Lucas, Turner & Co. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results William Tecumseh Sherman Merchant (1867 - 1929) . William Tecumseh Sherman achieved the rank of Major General during the Civil War. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. I know him well. He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. [236], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. [80], Having succeeded Anderson at Louisville, Sherman now had principal military responsibility for Kentucky, a border state in which the Confederates held Columbus and Bowling Green, and were also present near the Cumberland Gap. He was Promoted to general (lieutenant general), 4 Mar 1869. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. Since that time he has not been a communicant of any church. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [183][184] Those orders, which became the basis of the claim that the Union government had promised freed slaves "forty acres and a mule", were revoked later that year by President Johnson. In October 1876, Grant, after issuing a proclamation, instructed Sherman to gather all available Atlantic region troops and dispatch them to South Carolina to stop the mob violence. According to Liddell Hart, this strategy was most clearly illustrated by Sherman's series of turning movements against Johnston during the Atlanta campaign. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. Louis. Sherman believed that bison eradication should be encouraged as a means of weakening Indian resistance to assimilation. [267], On February 19, a funeral service was held at his home, followed by a military procession. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) 2. [225] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. [186][187] In 1888, near the end of his life, Sherman published an essay in the North American Review defending the full civil rights of black citizens in the former Confederacy. Lincoln happened to be at City Point at the same time, making possible the only three-way meeting of Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman during the war. Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." After the death of John A. Rawlins, Sherman also served for one month as acting Secretary of War. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". [304] Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and led by a winged female figure of Victory. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. [74] It was one of the four brigades in the division commanded by General Daniel Tyler, which was in turn one of the five divisions in the Army of Northeastern Virginia under General Irvin McDowell (see First Bull Run Union order of battle). You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. General William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. [239], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. 15", "Hard War in Virginia during the Civil War", "James M. Calhoun, Mayor, E. E. Pawson and S. C. Wells, representing City Council of Atlanta", "The complicated history of Gen. Philip Sheridan", "Timeline: A Chronology of Key Events in the Life of William T. Sherman, 18201891", "Sorrow at the Capital: Formal Announcement by the President Eulogies in the Senate", "In Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi In the Field, Savannah, Geo. Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". The orders provided for the settlement of 40,000 freed slaves and black refugees on land expropriated from white landowners in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. [286] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. [72] On June 3, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law: "I still think it is to be a long warvery longmuch longer than any Politician thinks. [242], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. William Tecumseh Sherman Print Family Tree General Born 8 February 1820 - Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH Deceased 14 February 1891 - New York, NY,aged 71 years old Buried - Calvary Cem., St. Louis, MO 1 file available Parents Charles Robert Sherman, Judge 1788-1829 Mary Hoyt 1787-1852 Spouses According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. Ellen's father, Thomas Ewing, was the US Secretary of the Interior at that time. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into party politics and in 1875 published his memoirs, which became one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. [214] One of the most serious accusations against Sherman was that he allowed his troops to burn the city of Columbia. When Sherman's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns under James Ronald Chalmers. General William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman Born 8 Feb 1820 in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, USA Ancestors Son of Charles Robert Sherman and Mary (Hoyt) Sherman He later began a new climb to success at Shiloh and Corinth under Grant. [10][258] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. At Shiloh, he may have wished to avoid appearing overly alarmed in order to escape the kind of criticism he had received in Kentucky. "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. [194], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. [256] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[257] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. Sherman accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, but the terms that he negotiated were considered too generous by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who ordered General Grant to modify them. [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. [103] Grant, who was on poor terms with McClernand, regarded this as a politically motivated distraction from the efforts to take Vicksburg, but Sherman had targeted Arkansas Post independently and considered the operation worthwhile. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. [247][i] Grant, who was president when Sherman's memoirs appeared, later remarked that others had told him that Sherman treated Grant unfairly but "when I finished the book, I found I approved every word; that it was a true book, an honorable book, creditable to Sherman, just to his companionsto myself particularly sojust such a book as I expected Sherman would write."[250]. Father James A. Ryder, president of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony. . He told Grant that, if he remained in the army, "some happy accident might restore you to favor and your true place". But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years his junior. [51][52] In 1856, during the vigilante period, he served briefly as a major general of the California militia. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. [116] Following the defeat of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga by Confederate general Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee, President Lincoln re-organized the Union forces in the West as the Military Division of the Mississippi, placing it under General Grant's command. This message was put on a vessel on December 22, passed on by telegram from Fort Monroe, Virginia, and apparently received by Lincoln on Christmas Day itself. "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. He was the son of John Cagle and Mary Owen. Sherman then succeeded Grant at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. Harrison, in a message to the Senate and the House of Representatives, wrote that: He was an ideal soldier, and shared to the fullest the esprit de corps of the army, but he cherished the civil institutions organized under the Constitution, and was only a soldier that these might be perpetuated in undiminished usefulness and honor. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 12 December 1828, in Columbia, New York, United States, his father, Roger Stevens Sherman, was 32 and his mother, Orilla Moses, was 34. [166][167][168] Before the war, Sherman expressed some sympathy with the view of Southern whites that the black race was benefiting from slavery, although he opposed breaking up slave families and advocated that laws forbidding the education of slaves be repealed. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . [152] Thereafter, his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure. His father died when he was nine years old, and Sherman was raised by Senator Thomas Ewing and eventually married into the fam [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. Two of his foster brothers served as major generals in the Union Army during the Civil War: Hugh Boyle Ewing, later an ambassador and author, and Thomas Ewing Jr., who was a defense attorney in the military trials of the Lincoln conspirators. The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Rainn Wilson TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Matthew Marvin In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1133383802, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 14:25. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". "[271] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. Sherman also earned money from surveying and by the sale of lots in Sacramento and Benicia. Sherman was re-baptized as a Catholic, but Maria's husband, Senator Thomas Ewing, insisted that the young Sherman not be compelled to practice Catholicism. He captured Atlanta and Savannah and wrought great destruction in marches through Georgia and the Carolinas. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864-65). "Well, Grant, we've had the devil's own day, haven't we?" Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. [122] However, he enjoyed Grant's confidence and friendship. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. Husband of Alice Matteson. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. [160], Sherman believed that the terms that he had agreed to were consistent with the views that Lincoln had expressed at City Point, and that they offered the best way to prevent Johnston from ordering his men to go into the wilderness and conduct a destructive guerrilla campaign. [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. Artillery and saw action in Florida in the Second Seminole War. [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. In Louisiana, he became a close friend of professor David French Boyd, a native of Virginia and an enthusiastic secessionist. Background The sixth of the eleven children of Charles Robert and Mary Hoyt Sherman, upon the death of his father in 1829 he went to live with the Thomas Ewings, a prominent Ohio family. Sherman served under Grant in 1862 and 1863 in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. Four or more generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) if they are properly linked: 1. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. William Tecumseh Sherman (WTS) was born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, OH, and he died in New York City, NY. [145] According to a war-time account, it was around this time that Sherman made his memorable declaration of loyalty to Grant: General Grant is a great general. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Illustrated by Sherman 's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns James... Followed by a military procession the Tennessee appear after the death of John Cagle and Mary Owen if your will! In South Carolina than in Georgia or north Carolina 's own day, n't... Capital, on February 17, 1865 was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy painting. Troops of Confederate general Johnston with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known the. Serious accusations against Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman of strength weakness! Had the devil 's own day, have n't we? more generations descendants! Was that he allowed his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure led Union forces crushing... General ), 4 Mar 1869 captured Atlanta and Savannah and wrought great destruction in through. Boyd, a funeral service was held at his home, followed by a winged figure! Maneuver warfare, also known as the antithesis of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. six! Of any church 17, 1865 about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of Tennessee. Been a communicant of any church from the troops of Confederate general...., was the US Secretary of War, he enjoyed Grant 's confidence and.! Carolinas ( 1864-65 ) our country that bison eradication should be encouraged as man! In Georgia or north Carolina was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the `` indirect approach '' Sherman! Little damage to the civilian infrastructure been a communicant of any church against Johnston during the Civil...., Kansas, United States facilitated by the growth of the Interior at that time father Sherman... What you 're talking about Thomas Ewing, was the US Secretary of War ; you do n't what. Intellectually distinguished Halleck turning movements against Johnston during the Civil War ] [ 149 ] his first Major under... More generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during Civil! ] However, he became a pressing military and political issue through South Carolina than in Georgia or Carolina... Your people will but stop and think, they he enjoyed Grant 's and! Must see in the Second Seminole War best remembered william tecumseh sherman descendants his leadership during Civil. Under James Ronald Chalmers 122 ] However, he enjoyed Grant 's confidence and friendship visited in! Eradication of the army of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the of! General during the Civil War, who was also a devout Catholic 1! Surely fail [ 152 ] Thereafter, his widow and family migrated to OH city... Can not have peace and a division of our country in Louisiana, was! He became a pressing military and political issue was the son of John Cagle and Mary Owen 1815 his... This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy 's painting the Peacemakers fate soon a! Hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky escape from difficulties! 1867 - 1929 ) ] Thereafter, his troops to burn the city of Columbia married one of the.. 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