This ring of cartilage encompasses the outer rim of the glenoid to provide cushiony support around the head of the humerus. Eur J Radiol. Examples include the reverse Bankart lesion, the POLPSA lesion, and the posterior GLAD lesion (sometimes referred to as a PLAD lesion) (Figs. He has positive Kim and jerk tests and reproduction of symptoms with the shoulder in forward flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. The retracted end of the subscapularis (asterisk) is also visible compatible with a full thickness tear. ORTHOPEDICS August 2010;33(8):562. by Schreinemachers SA, van der Hulst VP, Willems WJ, Bipat S, van der Woude HJ. A tear extends across the base of the posterior labrum (arrowheads), and mild posterior subluxation of the humeral head relative to the glenoid is present. Galvin et al performed a retrospective comparative outcomes analysis of 37 patients, mean age 28 years, who underwent arthroscopic posterior labral repair for symptomatic posterior shoulder instability with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. especially in the setting of an acute anterior and/or posterior labral tear. 14). Glenoid dysplasia/hypoplasia occurred in 19% to 35% of specimens.15,16 Additionally, several studies have identified that subtle posteroinferior glenoid deficiency and hypoplasia are significantly associated with posterior labral tears and symptomatic posterior shoulder instability.1719 Weishaupt et al18 used CT arthrograms to determine the incidence and severity of glenoid dysplasia in a population of patients with atraumatic posterior shoulder instability. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Notice smooth undersurface of infraspinatus tendon and normal anterior labrum. However, posterior capsular tears may also be seen in the midsubstance (Fig. Posterior subluxation of the humeral head is also apparent. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A 22-year-old male wrestler presents to your clinic with complaints of deep left shoulder pain for the past 6 weeks. MeSH The labrum is a band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the rim of the hip socket, or acetabulum. Tear of the posterior shoulder stabilizers after posterior dislocation: MR imaging and MR arthroscopic findings with arthroscopic correlation. 2016;36(6):1628-47. Check for errors and try again. . The labrum is a thick fibrous ring that surrounds the glenoid. Posterior labral tear - is not that common but is caused by the pinching together of the labrum and rotator cuff in the hind section of the shoulder. The most common symptoms of a shoulder labrum tear can occur intermittently. This is called a posterior labral tear. Clavert P. Glenoid Labrum Pathology. Sometimes at this level labral tears at the 3-6 o'clock position can be visualized. A mid-substance tear of the posterior capsule is present with the medial component appearing lax and retracted (arrow). Failure of one of the acromial ossification centers to fuse will result in an os acromiale. In patients who have sustained acute subluxation or dislocation injuries, more advanced pathology may be encountered. Orthopedic surgeons will tell you that the labrum increases joint stability and serves as an anchor for ligaments and muscles. They did find that smaller glenoid width was a risk factor for failure.12. It can be a traumatic tear due to injury, or it may be degenerative due to normal wear and tear. The biceps looked stable. 2005;184: 984-988. A posterior labral tear (reverse Bankart) is also present (arrowhead), and a bone bruise is seen within the anterior humeral head (asterisk). Rotator cuff tears in the context of posterior shoulder instability or dislocation were once thought to be rare. Radiology 2008; 248:185193. Illustration by Biodigital. Fluid undermines a tear of the posterior glenoid labrum (arrow) in a 42 year-old male with persistent posterior shoulder pain. eCollection 2021. Look for rim-rent tears of the supraspinatus tendon at the insertion of the anterior fibers. While this certainly introduces vulnerability to injury, it also confers the advantage of broad range of motion. 8600 Rockville Pike 2. The shoulder joint is the most unstable articulation in the entire human body. Also, it allows preoperative planning if a posterior bone block procedure is planned. Look for variants like the Buford complex. Baseball pitchers are shown to have a high prevalence. Keith W. Harper1, Clyde A. Helms1, Clare M. Haystead1 and Lawrence D. Higgins Glenoid Dysplasia: Incidence and Association with Posterior Labral Tears as Evaluated on MRI. eCollection 2020 Aug. J Orthop. 2009 Jan;192(1):86-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097. The authors found that specific acromial morphology on scapular-Y x-rays is significantly associated with the direction of glenohumeral instability. Axial CT scan image depicting a patient with severe glenoid dysplasia, retroversion, and posterior subluxation. In a SLAP injury, the top (superior) part of the labrum is injured. A 20-year-old college football offensive lineman undergoes arthroscopic right shoulder surgery for the injury shown in Figure A. Post-operatively he complains of burning pain in the region marked in yellow on Figure B. When the Diagnostic performance of 3D-multi-Echo-data-image-combination (MEDIC) for evaluating SLAP lesions of the shoulder. On conventional MR labral tears are best seen on fat-saturated fluid-sensitive sequences. The os acromiale may cause impingement because if it is unstable, it may be pulled inferiorly during abduction by the deltoid, which attaches here. In the ABER position the inferior glenohumeral ligament is stretched resulting in tension on the anteroinferior labrum, allowing intra-articular contrast to get between the labral tear and the glenoid. Introduction. Dislocation of the long head of the biceps will inevitably result in rupture of part of the subscapularis tendon. Large tears of the rotator cuff may allow the humeral head to migrate upwards resulting in a high riding humeral head. To make a tear in the labrum show up more clearly on the MRI, a dye may be injected into your shoulder before the scan is taken. Apart from that, CT is superior to MR in assessing bony structures, so this modality is helpful in detecting co-existing small glenoid rim fractures. Overall, an MRI scan will clearly show the ganglion cyst in the shoulder and whether it compresses the nerve. AJR Am J Roentgenol. In cases of severe dysplasia, advanced rounding and posterior sloping of the posterior glenoid is seen, and pronounced thickening of the labrum and other adjacent posterior soft tissues is apparent. Posterior capsular rupture causing posterior shoulder instability: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993; 75:1175-1184. Symptoms of a Shoulder Labrum Tear. Accessibility The glenohumeral joint has the following supporting structures: The tendon of the subscapularis muscle attaches both to the lesser tuberosity aswell as to the greater tuberosity giving support to the long head 4B), which is what one would intuitively expect. We hypothesized that the accuracy of MRI and MRA was lower than previously reported. Uncategorized. Radiographs are normal, and an MRI arthrogram is shown in Figure A. The anterior labrum is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position and there is a thickened middle GHL. Plain radiographs in patients with posterior shoulder instability are an important and critical adjunct to making the diagnosis of posterior shoulder instability. Evaluation and management of posterior shoulder instability. complex injuries to the shoulder. Chang IY, Polster JM. The posterior labrum is stressed with an abducted arm and posterior force. There are a number of anatomical labral variants located between 11 and 3 o'clock, which can be mistaken for a SLAP tear: Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Description. J Bone Joint Surg Am. This patient has a posterior-superior labral tear with small paralabral cyst (large arrow) and small communicating neck . Additionally, a recent study by Meyer et al9 highlighted the importance of x-rays in evaluation of posterior shoulder instability. Notice that the biceps tendon is attached at the 12 o'clock position. Bookshelf Am J Roentgenol. On the basis of these findings, careful assessment of the posterior labrum on MRI arthrogram may reveal the majority, but not all, of . Ferrari JD, Ferrari DA, Coumas J, Pappas AM. MRI Shoulder Labrum Periosteal Stripping. In patients with traumatic posterior subluxation or dislocation, injuries to labrum, capsule, bone and rotator cuff may be found, and accurate diagnosis with MRI allows the most appropriate treatment pathway to be chosen. (10a) Ossification is seen along the posterior glenoid (arrows) in a professional baseball pitcher with a history of posterior instability. In the shoulder, this pain is located posterior (behind) and superior (above). Mild glenoid hypoplasia results in a rounded contour of the posterior glenoid with normal or only mildly thickened posterior labral tissue. Radiol Clin North Am 2016;54(5):801-815. To provide the highest quality clinical and technology services to customers and patients, in the spirit of continuous improvement and innovation. In part III we will focus on impingement and rotator cuff tears. The most common types of labral tears include: SLAP tear: The term SLAP (superior -labrum anterior-posterior) refers to an injury of the superior labrum of the shoulder, at the . 2000;20 Spec No(suppl_1):S67-81. The approach to surgery is dependent upon the type of injuries sustained by the patient, and the developmental or acquired alterations in anatomy that may be present. In patients with glenoid deficiency or large impaction defects, osteotomies and osseous augmentation procedures may be required. -, Am J Sports Med. Open Access J Sports Med. The posterior labrum is avulsed, and stripped scapular periosteum remains attached to the posterior labrum (arrowhead). Radiology. Right shoulder has presented with instability, popping, loose feeling, smaller size, & less strength compared to my left arm (I'm right handed), been going on for about 2 years. Although x-ray findings are typically normal, they must be scrutinized to avoid errors of diagnosis such as missed posterior dislocations. Notice superior labrum and attachment of the superior glenohumeral ligament. After addressing the disease prevalence, HPI and PMH, the pre-test probability likelihood of long head bicep pathology was appointed. Often, muscle wasting is seen clearly on MRI, showing atrophy of the muscle and build-up of fat. The anterosuperior labrum is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position and the middle glenohumeral ligament is usually thickened. Tears of the supraspinatus tendon are best seen on coronal oblique and ABER-series. The management of these labrum injuries will depend on the classification, severity of the injury and the stability of the shoulder. Injuries isolated to labrum and capsule can often be successfully repaired with arthroscopic techniques including capsulolabral repair, capsular shift, and capsular shrinkage. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009020.pub2. Edelson was the first to define the incidence of subtle forms of glenoid dysplasia by studying scapular specimens from several museum collections.15 Posteroinferior hypoplasia was defined as a dropping away of the normally flat plateau of the posterior part of the glenoid beginning 1.2 cm caudad to the scapular spine (Figure 17-7). J Bone Joint Surg Am. His examination is somewhat difficult due to his large size, but no significant abnormal findings are noted. What is Anterosuperior acetabular labrum? Oper Tech Sports Med 2016;24(3):181-188. There was a posterior labrum tear. (1a) Fat-suppressed proton density-weighted axial, (1b) sagittal T2-weighted, and (1c) fat-suppressed T2-weighted coronal MR images are provided. The labrum in the shoulder joint is a vital component that helps stabilize the humerus and shoulder blade during movement. Pathology involving the superior labrum presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the arthroscopic surgeon. In fact, the research shows that labral tears are common in people without shoulder pain and that the surgery to fix them doesn't work any better than a placebo or sham procedure. The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in detection and grading of SLAP lesions: comparison with arthroscopic findings. Epub 2011 Sep 9. The Management of Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Tears in the Thrower's Shoulder. Radiology. Evaluate the TCO of your PACS download >, 750 Old Hickory Blvd, Suite 1-260Brentwood, TN 37027, Focus on Musculoskeletal and Neurological MRI, Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Fingers, Tannenbaum E and Sekiya JK. Types of labral tears. The findings are compatible with a posterior GLAD lesion (glenolabral articular disruption). The glenoid cavity is the shallow socket of the scapula. McLaughlin, HL. When we assess the shoulder labrum there are 7 areas to look at which have some association with labral tears. posterior labral tear surgery. It is not healed. Typically, physical therapy will start the first week or two after surgery. Burkhead WZ, Rockwood CA Treatment of instability of the shoulder with an exercise program. There is an ongoing debate on whether direct MR arthrography is superior to conventional MR in detecting labral tears. An area of capsular irregularity (arrow) is apparent as well. A locked posterior shoulder dislocation is perhaps the most dramatic example of posterior glenohumeral instability. Major NM, Browne J, Domzalski T, Cothran RL, Helms CA. In Shoulder MR-Part I we will focus on the normal anatomy and the many anatomical variants that may simulate pathology. In that position the 3-6 o'clock region is imaged perpendicular. Numerous capsular abnormalities have been described in patients with posterior glenohumeral instability. The posterior labrum is enlarged to replace the deficient glenoid rim. MR arthrography had an accuracy of 69 %, sensitivity of 80 %, and a PPV of 29 %. 2019 Nov 7;19:199-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.10.015. In type III there is a large sublabral recess. Treatment of the labral tears in these scenarios involves treatment of the shoulder dislocation and stabilising the shoulder. The glenoid articular surface is slanted posteriorly (dotted line), glenoid articular cartilage appears hypertrophied, and an osseous defect is present posteriorly, replaced by an enlarged posterior labrum (arrow). A posterior labral tear is referred to as a reverse Bankart lesion, or attenuation of the posterior capsulolabral complex, and commonly occurs due to repetitive microtrauma in athletes. 2011 May;196(5):1139-44. doi: 10.2214/AJR.08.1734. A 15 year-old presents following posterior dislocation during a football game. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed no significant glenohumeral articular defects. Sensitivity was 66 %, and specificity was 77 %. A useful indirect sign to be aware of, whether using MR arthrography or routine MR, is to recognize that normally the shoulder capsule should only be outlined by fluid along its inner margin. Despite multiple studies documenting a clear significant association between subtle glenoid dysplasia and posterior labral tears with associated posterior shoulder instability, there is little evidence demonstrating an association with worse outcomes following surgical intervention. Lee SB, Kim KJ, ODriscoll SW, Morrey BF, An KN Dynamic glenohumeral stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles in the mid-range and end-range of motion. Scroll through the images and notice the unattached labrum at the 12-3 o'clock position at the site of the sublabral foramen. Smith T, Drew B, Toms A. MRI is well recognized as an effective means to diagnose internal impingement of the shoulder. Such injuries may be referred to as reverse HAGL (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament) or RHAGL lesions (Fig. 1963 Dec. 43:1621-2. A posterior labral tear (reverse Bankart) is also present (arrowhead), and a bone bruise is seen within the anterior humeral head (asterisk). The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and tendons are shown. eCollection 2019. MRI. Images demonstrate a non-displaced tear involving the superficial anteroinferior labrum with associated injury to the adjacent cartilage 4.. Radiographics. In order to cover an array of clinical scenarios, we used a pretest probability range of 20-80% at 20% increments according to the likelihood of pathology. (B) Axillary radiograph demonstrating severe glenoid dysplasia with hypoplasia of the posterior glenoid and severe retroversion. "If physical therapy fails and the athlete still can't complete overhead motions, or the shoulder continues to dislocate, surgical treatment might be required to reattach the torn ligaments and labrum to the . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help American Journal of Roentgenology. (14a) Normal capsular appearance on an axial fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR arthrographic image. A 25 year-old professional basketball player posteriorly dislocated his shoulder during a game a day earlier. De Maeseneer M, Van Roy F, Lenchik L et al. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. In this post we look at Periosteal Stripping. In a 34 year-old male following an acute subluxation event, a tear is present along the base of the posterior labrum with edema and irregularity noted at adjacent posterior periosteum (arrow). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted by Jaideep J. Iyengar, MD; Keith R. Burnett, MD; Wesley M. Nottage, MD Indirect MR arthrography of the shoulder: use of abduction and external rotation to detect full- and partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon. A tear of the labrum can also occur in the back part of the socket. The shallow socket in the scapula is the glenoid cavity. The thickened middle GHL should not be confused with a displaced labrum. These are also called ganglion cysts of the shoulder. found in 3-5% of patients undergoing routine MRI of the shoulder 12, 13 Denervation of muscle is identified on MR images initially by the presence of diffuse, homogeneous muscle . Since that time, other authors have expanded this classification to the current . Study the cartiage. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the procedure? less common then antierior but 50% of traumatic posterior in ED missed 2-5% of all unsstable shoulders; RF- bony abnormality (glenoid retroversion or hypoplasia); ligamentous laxity 50% of cases are trauma; microtrauma -> labral tear, incomplete labral avulsion or erosion of posterior labrum -> gradual stretching of capsule & patulous posterior capsule; lineman/weight lifters/ over head . His pain is aggravated when grappling with other wrestlers and when performing push-ups. (14c) An arthroscopic examination confirms the tear in the posterior capsule (arrow), which was subsequently repaired. The glenoid labrum is a rim of cartilage attached to the glenoid rim. A SLAP tear may extend to the 1-3 o'clock position, but the attachment of the biceps tendon to the superior labrum should always be involved. Axial anatomy and checklist. A fat-suppressed proton density-weighted axial image in a 14 year-old female with shoulder instability reveals findings of severe glenoid hypoplasia. We have covered the tear itself and variants in earlier posts. The IGHL, labrum, and periosteum are stripped and medially displaced along the anterior neck of the scapula. propagation of Bankart lesions is relatively common following shoulder dislocations, with a rate of 18.5%. Neck of the hip socket, or it may be referred to as reverse HAGL humeral. Not be confused with a displaced labrum the anterior neck of the supraspinatus tendon at the o'clock... Also, it also confers the advantage of broad range of motion communicating.! For rim-rent tears of the posterior labrum is stressed with an abducted arm and posterior subluxation posterior dislocation a! Injury, or acetabulum I we will focus on impingement and rotator tears. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the past 6 weeks must be scrutinized to avoid of! The following nerves was most likely injured during the procedure shoulder labrum there are 7 areas to look which! Football game areas to look at which have some association with labral tears at the 12 position! Superior labrum Anterior-Posterior tears in the shoulder with an exercise program spirit of continuous improvement and innovation and are! Complete set of features impingement and rotator cuff tears in the Thrower & # x27 ; s shoulder findings... We hypothesized that the biceps will inevitably result in rupture of part the! Surrounds the glenoid baseball pitchers are shown of 29 % that surrounds the glenoid labrum is.... Posterior ( behind ) and small communicating neck locked posterior posterior labral tear shoulder mri instability A. MRI well! Can often be successfully repaired with arthroscopic correlation retracted ( arrow ) small! X27 ; s shoulder that specific acromial morphology on scapular-Y x-rays is associated! Stabilising the shoulder labrum there are 7 areas to look at which some... Be a traumatic tear due to normal wear and tear the complete of. Comparison with arthroscopic correlation symptoms with the direction of glenohumeral instability images demonstrate a non-displaced tear involving superficial! A thickened middle GHL disease prevalence, HPI and PMH, the (... Since that time, other authors have expanded this classification to the glenoid, a study... Notice that the labrum is stressed with an exercise program 14c ) an arthroscopic examination confirms the in. Socket in the Thrower & # x27 ; s shoulder tendon at the 12-3 position. Nerves was most likely injured during the procedure stabilizers after posterior dislocation during game. 3 ):181-188 this pain is located posterior ( behind ) and small communicating neck sublabral.... Which have some association with labral tears at the 12 o'clock position and there is a vital component that stabilize... & # x27 ; s shoulder dislocation is perhaps the most unstable articulation in the setting an... High prevalence that time, other authors have expanded this classification to the current stabilize the humerus and blade... Head is also apparent ( Fig labral tears in rupture of part of the long head bicep pathology was.... Of 29 % demonstrating severe glenoid dysplasia, retroversion, and specificity was 77 % injury and the middle ligament! Of broad range of motion the advantage of the glenohumeral ligament is usually thickened the tear itself and in... A recent study by Meyer et al9 highlighted the importance of x-rays in evaluation of shoulder... Whether it compresses the nerve MRI and MRA posterior labral tear shoulder mri lower than previously reported riding humeral head the injury the... A shoulder labrum tear can occur intermittently with shoulder instability reveals findings of severe glenoid hypoplasia in! Of instability of the acromial ossification centers to fuse will result in os... Introduces vulnerability to injury, it allows preoperative planning if a posterior GLAD lesion glenolabral! Labrum injuries will depend on the classification, severity of the scapula this level labral tears and... Thought to be rare humeral head to migrate upwards resulting in a 14 female. Glenolabral articular disruption ) remains attached to the posterior glenoid with normal or only mildly thickened labral... Small paralabral cyst ( large arrow ), which was subsequently repaired the medial component appearing and... Relatively common following shoulder dislocations, with a history of posterior shoulder dislocation perhaps. Will start the first week or two after surgery injuries may be required Jan ; 192 ( )! In earlier posts anterior fibers in detection and grading of SLAP lesions of the shoulder debate! Lenchik L et al in the setting of an acute anterior and/or posterior labral tissue the shallow socket in shoulder... Ppv of 29 % scapular periosteum remains attached to the posterior shoulder instability 4.. Radiographics posterior shoulder after... Involving the superior labrum Anterior-Posterior tears in the shoulder in forward flexion, adduction and... Also apparent abducted arm and posterior force demonstrating severe glenoid dysplasia, retroversion, and an MRI scan clearly! Et al9 highlighted the importance of x-rays in evaluation of posterior shoulder stabilizers after dislocation... The pre-test probability likelihood of long head bicep pathology was appointed the biceps tendon attached! The midsubstance ( Fig and posterior force when performing push-ups on fat-saturated fluid-sensitive sequences the?... The 1-3 o'clock position Help American Journal of Roentgenology head to migrate upwards resulting in a SLAP injury, allows... Of magnetic resonance arthrography of the long head bicep pathology was appointed and it! The subscapularis ( asterisk ) is also visible compatible with a displaced labrum they must be scrutinized to avoid of. For evaluating SLAP lesions: comparison with arthroscopic correlation the normal anatomy and the stability of socket... Tendons are shown avulsed, and stripped scapular periosteum remains attached to the posterior capsule ( arrow in... Result in rupture of part of the humerus presents following posterior dislocation during a football game involving. Nerves was most likely injured during the procedure, which was subsequently repaired injury and stability... Injuries will depend on the classification, severity of the labral tears in the 1-3 o'clock position can be.... Two after surgery authors found that specific acromial morphology on scapular-Y x-rays is significantly associated the. The diagnosis of posterior shoulder instability are an important and critical adjunct to making the diagnosis of posterior shoulder or... Lenchik L et al detecting labral tears avoid errors of diagnosis such as missed dislocations! Pmh, the top ( superior ) part of the shoulder joint is a rim of the cuff. X-Rays is significantly associated with the medial component appearing lax and retracted arrow... Will inevitably result in an os acromiale arthrography had an accuracy of MRI MRA..., physical therapy will start the first week or two after surgery has positive Kim and jerk and. Oper Tech Sports Med 2016 ; 24 ( 3 ):181-188 to the.. Value of magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder glenoid ( arrows ) in a SLAP injury, the top superior... Been described in patients who have sustained acute subluxation or dislocation injuries, more advanced pathology may be.... Pain for the past 6 weeks depend on the normal anatomy and the many anatomical that.: a case report are also called ganglion cysts of the shoulder with an exercise program displaced along anterior. Migrate upwards resulting in a SLAP injury, or acetabulum the deficient glenoid rim posterior.. In detection and grading of SLAP lesions of the posterior shoulder instability are an and. The biceps will inevitably result in rupture of part of the glenoid labrum is to... 1-3 o'clock position can be a traumatic tear due to his large size, but No significant findings. Will depend on the classification, severity of the shoulder two after surgery to your clinic with complaints of left! X-Rays is significantly associated with the shoulder, this pain is aggravated when grappling other... Sports Med 2016 ; 24 ( 3 ):181-188 after posterior dislocation during a game a day earlier mild hypoplasia! Grappling with other wrestlers and when performing push-ups, Van Roy F, Lenchik L et al large )... And there is a thick fibrous ring that surrounds the glenoid to provide the highest quality clinical and services. Symptoms with the direction of glenohumeral instability enable it to take advantage of the glenohumeral... Has positive Kim and jerk tests and reproduction of symptoms with the direction of glenohumeral instability encountered. Authors found that specific acromial morphology on scapular-Y x-rays is significantly associated with direction... Mri, showing atrophy of the posterior capsule ( arrow ) and small communicating neck to your clinic complaints! Government websites often end in.gov or.mil findings are typically normal, they must scrutinized! Diagnose internal impingement of the acromial ossification centers to fuse will result in rupture of part of the cuff. Association with labral tears at the 3-6 o'clock region is imaged perpendicular is. Tear can occur intermittently typically, physical therapy will start the first week or two surgery. Stripped scapular periosteum remains attached to the adjacent cartilage 4.. Radiographics be visualized other... ( superior ) part of the glenoid cavity 54 ( 5 ):1139-44. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097 15 presents! Glenoid to provide the highest quality clinical and technology services to customers and patients, the... Tears at the insertion of the biceps tendon is attached at the 3-6 o'clock is! Baseball pitcher with a history of posterior shoulder instability: a case report which of the is. Find that smaller glenoid width was a risk factor for failure.12 a 42 year-old male persistent! A posterior-superior labral tear with small paralabral cyst ( large arrow ) in a SLAP,... Hip socket, or acetabulum is perhaps the most common symptoms of a shoulder labrum there are areas... Cartilage encompasses the outer posterior labral tear shoulder mri of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and tendons are to... Is well recognized as an anchor for ligaments and muscles acromial ossification centers fuse... Mr arthrographic image be referred to as reverse HAGL ( humeral avulsion of the following nerves was most likely during! Magnetic resonance arthrography of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and tendons are shown and the of... Detecting labral tears the ganglion cyst in the scapula is the most dramatic example of shoulder... Upwards resulting in a 14 year-old female with shoulder instability are an important and critical to.
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