As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. Its members represented both British who hoped to inspire local entrepreneurs and those with interest in the Macauley & Babington Company, which held the (British) monopoly on Sierra Leone trade. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. ITV and SATCON are currently operational. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). Among the soldiers arrested was a little-known army corporal, Foday Sankoh, a strong Bangura supporter, who would later form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). [156] Previous to this compact agreement, Sierra Leone's private sector for solar energy was weak, as it provided energy to less than 5% of the target population. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. [111], The Environmental Justice Foundation has documented how the number of illegal fishing vessels in Sierra Leone's waters has multiplied in recent years. Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. Loggers have extended their operations to Nimini, Kono District, Eastern Province; Jui, Western Rural District, Western Area; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Northern Province; and with plans to start operations in the Kambui Forest reserve in the Kenema District, Eastern Province. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). The country is home to the Sierra Leone Inter-Religious Council, which is made up of both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to promote peace and tolerance throughout the country. Bonthe is one of the sixteen districts of Sierra Leone. Most Sierra Leonean Muslims of the Sunni and Ahmadiyya sect generally pray together in the same mosque. It is the second largest city in Sierra Leone and the biggest city in the southern province serving as the administrative center and capital of Bo district. Waterloo is a major urban transport hub and lies on the . Multiple allegations were made during the COVID-19 lockdown period of police attacking people trying to obtain basic necessities.[130]. This is where Freetown is located, and its also the smallest district in size by a large margin. The interior contains a variety of landforms ranging from savanna-covered low plains to rocky scarp and hill country. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. 130,725. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. It is the most populous District in the North and the second most populous District in Sierra Leone, after the Western Area Urban District. With a new decentralisation policy, embodied in the Local Government Act of 2004, responsibility for water supply in areas outside the capital was passed from the central government to local councils. The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. The land was also home to the Temee and Loko peoples, whose presence predates the arrival of Europeans. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. [131] Each chiefdom has ruling families that were recognised at that time; the Tribal Authority, made up of local notables, elects the paramount chief from the ruling families. Colonel Frederic Cardew, military governor of the Protectorate, in 1898 established a new tax on dwellings and demanded that the chiefs use their people to maintain roads. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. They are virtually all Muslims. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. The Sierra Leone Islamic Supreme Council is the highest Islamic religious organisation in Sierra Leone and is made up of the country's Imams, Islamic scholars, and other Islamic clerics across the country. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. He, like Bai Bureh, resisted the British. The Dominion of Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. In response, the NPRC hired the services of South African-based private military contractor Executive Outcomes for several hundred mercenary fighters in order to strengthen the response to the advances of the RUF rebels. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Though according to Professor C. Magbaily Fyle, this might have been a misinterpretation from historians. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. The coup plot led to the execution of seventeen soldiers by firing squad. [160] This overarching goal has been broken down into smaller goals as well. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. The upper part of the drainage basin of the Moa River is located in the south of this region. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone?" Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. Media in Sierra Leone began with the introduction of the first printing press in Africa at the start of the 19th century. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. Though rich in diamonds, it has historically struggled to manage their exploitation and export. Until 2017, there were only three Sierra Leone provinces, and there were previously fewer districts and chiefdoms as well. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. After they established Granville Town, most of the first group of colonists died, owing to disease and warfare with the indigenous African peoples (Temne), who resisted their encroachment. General Tarawalie was also a strong loyalist and key Momoh supporter. Other minor political parties have also existed but with no significant support.[117]. . [257] In 2007 there were 15 daily newspapers in the country, as well as those published weekly. Kenema is also governed by an elected city council and headed by a Mayor. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. By the 1990s, economic activity was declining and economic infrastructure had become seriously degraded. On the voyage between Plymouth and Sierra Leone, 96 passengers died. Located in the Eastern Province is Koidu Town which is not only the largest city in that province but the capital of Kono District which rich in diamond. In 1992, just a year after the war broke out, President Momoh was ousted in a coup led by Sierra Leone Army captain Valentine Strasser. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. In early August 2014 Sierra Leone cancelled league football (soccer) matches because of the Ebola epidemic. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. [156], As of 2012, Sierra Leone has 3 main hydroelectric plants. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. 113,185 (2015); Katu Town Urban Area: pop. One source estimates the population at 14,915,[173] whilst another puts it as high as 85,313. To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. Each one of Sierra Leone's 14 districts is headed by a district police commissioner who is the professional head of their respective district. On 28 December 1992, an alleged coup attempt against the NPRC government of Strasser, aimed at freeing the detained Colonel Yahya Kanu, Colonel Kahota M.S. Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. Other popular destinations for tourists include the Freetown Cotton Tree, located in Central Freetown, a significant national monument and integral to the founding of the city; Bunce Island, which is a boat ride from the city, is home to the ruins of the slave fortress that was being used during the Transatlantic slave trade; the Sierra Leone Museum, which has a collection of both precolonial as well as colonial artifacts and other items of historical significance; the National Railway Museum; or take a journey around the city's coastline with the popular Sea Coach Express. Headquarters district formed from coastal sections of Karene and Ronietta. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. Agricultural activities are the major contributors to the economy in this province; farming, fishing, and raising livestock are some of the most common ways people earn money here. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an independent nation. A new constitution was adopted in 1971, paving the way for Sierra Leone becoming a republic, and Siaka Stevens, leader of the All People's Congress (APC), becoming the first executive president of the Republic of Sierra Leone. Agyepong I. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. The CIA estimated that the average life expectancy in Sierra Leone was 57.39 years. The current members of the Parliament of Sierra Leone were elected in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. Another 24 were discharged, and another 23 ran away. The current Sierra Leonean Defence Minister is retired Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? Nwauwa, Apollos O. Although women account for about 50 per cent of the population in Sierra Leone, only 28 per cent are household heads. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[171]. Despite Makeni being ethnically diverse just as the other major cities in the country, the Temne people account for the largest ethnic group in the city and the main language is the Krio language. . Cultural events and festivals are also organized in the city on a regular basis. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. [38] Many of these Loyalists had been slaves who had escaped to join the British, lured by promises of freedom (emancipation). Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. The NPRC's efforts proved to be nearly ineffective as the ousted Momoh administration in repelling the RUF rebels. Koidu Town is ethnically diverse, and the primary language is the Krio language. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool have an intense rivalry and when they play each other the national stadium in Freetown is often sold out and supporters of both clubs often clash with each other before and after the game. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. Sipsma, Heather L., et al. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. [22][23], About 18 ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone; the two largest and most influential ones are the Temne and Mende peoples. [79] South Surah, Al Zahra, Block 1, Street 5, Building 22/614, 2023 Copyright - All rights Reserved - Embassy of Sierra Leone, Qatar Education Above All to Support 45,000 Out of School Children in Sierra Leone, Sierra Leones Foreign Minister discusses bilateral and multilateral issues with Qatar Foreign Minister, presents Sierra Leone candidature bid for UNSC non-permanent category for 2024-2025, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Sierra Leone Investment and Export Promoting Agency. [210] Males also showed to be more vulnerable to depression after losing a caregiver. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. The three districts of the North West Province are: Sierra Leones Western Area is the only region in the country to not have an international border. The Sierra Leone National Premier League is the top professional football league in Sierra Leone and is controlled by the Sierra Leone Football Association. Sierra Leone operates a floating exchange rate system, and foreign currencies can be exchanged at any of the commercial banks, recognised foreign exchange bureaux and most hotels. [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. [20], Stevens assumed power as Prime Minister again in 1968, following a series of coups, with a great deal of hope and ambition. [71] In 1953, Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and Margai was elected Chief Minister of Sierra Leone. Located in the Northern Province is Makeni city which is the capital of Bombali district and the largest city and economic center in the Province. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. Nwauwa, Apollos O. Sierra Leone is a secular nation with the constitution providing for the separation of state and religion and freedom of conscience (which includes freedom of thoughts and religion). These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. [49] Black settlers in Sierra Leone enjoyed much more autonomy than their white equivalent in European countries. Stevens had campaigned on a platform of bringing the tribes together under socialist principles. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. The Krio have traditionally dominated Sierra Leone's judiciary and Freetown's elected city council. The 20 Biggest Football Stadiums in the World, The Top 10 Largest Deserts in the World: A Journey Through Vast, Diverse Landscapes, Highest Mountains in the World (higher than 8,000 meters), Tourism in the Philippines: 20 Reasons to Visit. [79] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. [54] Though some people happily embraced these changes because they considered it as being part of the community, some were not happy with these changes and wanted to keep their own identity. The city is has a culturally diverse population of different religions and ethnicities. With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens' government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens. Credit card use is limited in Sierra Leone, though they may be used at some hotels and restaurants. Since then, there has been a smooth succession to the presidency all via elections. On 29 March 1970, Brigadier Bangura was executed by hanging in Freetown. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. [218], A dialysis machine, the first of its kind in the country, was donated by Israel.[219]. The APC currently has 68 of the 132 elected parliamentary seats and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) has 49 of the elected 132 parliamentary seats. As the sole candidate, Momoh was elected president without opposition and sworn in as Sierra Leone's second president on 28 November 1985 in Freetown. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. He was a close ally of Albert Margai, who had appointed him to the position in 1964. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in . The largest and most influential are the Temne at about 35.5% and the Mende at about 33.2%. Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. [158] There have been strong pushes for both solar and hydropower to become the dominant sources of energy in Sierra Leone because of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goal number seven (affordable and clean energy). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began working in Sierra Leone in the 1970's, focusing on Lassa fever. The coastal swamp region extends along the . Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. [81], On 18 April 1968 a group of low ranking soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army who called themselves the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM), led by Brigadier General John Amadu Bangura, overthrew the NRC junta. The Oku people are the descendants of liberated muslim Yorubas from Southwest Nigeria, who were released from slave ships and resettled in Sierra Leone as Liberated Africans or came as settlers in the mid-19th century. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. Area: 69.5 mile - 111.8 km radius. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. Many Ahmadiyya Muslims in Sierra Leone also follow the Maliki Jurisprudence. Fourteen clubs from across the country compete in the Sierra Leone Premier League. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. The Yalunka also spelled Jallonke, Yalonga, Djallonk, Djallonka or Dialonk, are Mande people who have lived in the Djallon, a mountainous region in Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Guinea Conakry West Africa over 520 years ago. 208,795 (2015); Goderich - York Urban Area: pop. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. In October 1999, the United Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order and disarm the rebels. Daron Acemoglu, Tristan Reed. Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. Its also the seat of the Sierra Leone government. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. [220] Different sources give different estimates. Nyagua also resisted the British. Waterloo is part of Freetown metropolitan area. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. Domestic slavery, which continued to be practised by local African elites, was abolished in 1928. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Bo District, Sierra Leone. In seeing the shape of mountains like a Lion and amidst the thunderstorm he named the mountains Sierra Lyoa (meaning Lion Mountains in Portuguese) Later, the name Sierra Leone was derived from the Portuguese term Sierra Lyoa. The two districts of the Western Area are: As of 2017, there are 16 Sierra Leone districts. The rice is prepared in numerous ways, and topped with a variety of sauces made from some of Sierra Leone's favourite toppings, including potato leaves, cassava leaves, crain crain, okra soup, fried fish and groundnut stew.[244]. Originally named Serra Leoa (Portuguese for 'lioness mountains') by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra in 1462, the modern name is derived from the Italian spelling, which was introduced by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and subsequently copied by other European mapmakers. Several organisations planned to operate digital terrestrial subscription TV services, with Multichoice's Go TV having built infrastructure ahead of getting a licence and ultimately failing to get a licence. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. [72][73], On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country's first Prime Minister. 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