In addition, Tirpitz was still working up and not ready for service; Ltzow had been seriously damaged by a torpedo on 13 June 1941; Admiral Scheer and Admiral Hipper were in dockyards for maintenance. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. Trained in yet another novel approach, Scharnhorst was gaining a reputation as a pioneering military educator. 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. A repair ship completed work on the vessel in two weeks. Admiral Marschall detached Admiral Hipper and the four destroyers to refuel in Trondheim, while he would steam to the Harstad area. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. Preliminary repairs were completed by 20 June, which permitted the ship to return to Germany. Learn more about merges. . [2] Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Private und dienstliche Schriften, ed. by Peter Paret and Daniel Moran (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 101. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. 9, No. [5] Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 4. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during Operation Rheinbung, the sortie by the new battleship Bismarck in May 1941. [71], "Gentlemen, the battle against the Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. ADS VIEW EMAIL ADDRESSES . The email does not appear to be a valid email address. For the latter requires judgement, which is developed through repeated study of military incidents, and a great amount of past facts that we have to keep in mind. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. Scharnhorst crew. There was an error deleting this problem. The Scharnhorst family was not noble; they were free peasants, and his father served as a non-commissioned officer in the Hanoverian Army. An RAF patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. It also exploded on the armored deck and tore a small hole in it. The mine briefly knocked out the power system and temporarily disabled the rudders. by Peter Paret and Daniel Moran. Two of the three turbines were jammed, and the third had to be turned off. [72], In September 2000, a joint expedition to find the sunken battleship conducted by the BBC, NRK, and the Royal Norwegian Navy began. It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. Praise for Death in Focus [59], With the rapidly deteriorating military situation for the German Army on the Eastern Front, it became increasingly important to interrupt the flow of supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. On 13 June, Ark Royal launched fifteen Skua dive bombers; German fighters intercepted the attackers and shot eight of them down. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. Try again later. [53] There she met Ltzow and the battleship Tirpitz. People Projects Discussions Surnames The curriculum at the military academy, as Bruce Gudmundsson writes in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. Prussia was still in the midst of its decade of neutrality, when after the Peace of Basel in 1795 it observed from a safer distance the continuing Revolutionary Wars and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. While serving as a squadron flagship, Scharnhorst carried an additional 10 officers and 61 enlisted men. [8] Carl von Clausewitz, On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. in Historical and Political Writings, ed. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. Scharnhorst was, first and foremost, a military educator seeking to instruct and inspire the average officer who might never rise to the professions top or grow to become a shrewd strategic thinker, but still strived to give his best. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [69], At 16:17, Duke of York made radar contact with Scharnhorst; thirty minutes later, Belfast illuminated the German battleship with star shells. [7] Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 6. [10] The ship was launched on 3 October 1936, witnessed by Adolf Hitler, Minister of War Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg, and the widow of Kapitn zur See Schultz, the commander of the armored cruiser Scharnhorst, which had been sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands during World War I. Fitting-out work followed her launch, and was completed by January 1939. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. Through reminiscences of a hundred possible but unlikely disasters, they make the general they support anxious. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. Finally promoted to Artillery Captain at age thirty-sixa circumstance largely due to his non-aristocratic originsScharnhorst proved his mettle against French Revolutionary forces in the defense of Menen in present-day Belgium. The text could be also found in Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, 147-150. [17] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind the anti-Napoleonic coalition. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. [22] The Germans then launched their Arado 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. [7][77] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. [31], Ltjens then decided to move to a new area, as the surviving members of the dispersed convoy had sent distress signals. Unbeknown to the Germans, the British were able to read the ciphered Enigma radio transmissions between Scharnhorst and the Fleet Command; Admirals Robert Burnett and Bruce Fraser were aware of Bey's plan for the attack on the convoy and could position their forces accordingly. The two ships were forced to put into port during the storm: Scharnhorst went to Gotenhafen while Gneisenau went to Kiel for repairs. Please reset your password. 35 Squadron RAF and No. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Clausewitz, as Donald Stoker states, thoroughly imbibed the history-based analytical method of Scharnhorst.[19]. [14] Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),24. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. Her occupation was Keeping House. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. The Germans reached Wilhelmshaven on 27 November, and on the trip both battleships incurred significant damage from heavy seas and winds. These rescue operations were interrupted by the appearance of the cruiser Newcastle. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. ). To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. At 03:19, Bey received instructions from the Fleet Command that Scharnhorst was to conduct the attack alone if heavy seas interfered with the destroyers' ability to fight. Mobile number (517) 944-0346 . Header Image: Portrait of General Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst painted by the Circle of Friedrich Bury (Wikimedia). Just like Clausewitz later, Scharnhorst wished more than anything to assume command. A severe storm off Bergen forced the destroyers to seek shelter but Scharnhorst was able to continue on at the reduced speed of 17 knots (31km/h; 20mph). The subjects had to become citizens of the state and this new political reality, eager to defend that state. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. With a clear aspiration of becoming an officer, in 1773, at age 17, Scharnhorst entered the school located in Fortress Wilhlemstein.[3]. The only effective weapon at the disposal of the Germans in Norway was ScharnhorstTirpitz was badly damaged, and the four remaining heavy cruisers were committed to the Baltic. The second 28cm round struck the ship's "X" barbette and disabled the turret. Age: 43 years old. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Two days later, Scharnhorst went to Kiel for permanent repairs. Friedrich G Sauer from Lansing, MI. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. The reformers turned their attention to what Trevor N. Dupuy calls a system of institutionalized military excellence.[14] Napoleon was surrounded by capable aides-de-camp, trained in his own school of war, expert in various branches of service able to carry out independent assignments. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. 9, No. Learn more about managing a memorial . Scharnhorst fired a salvo from turret Caesar before turning and increasing speed to disengage from the cruisers. Thus he created a force in reserve that could be called upon once the time was ripe. [29] The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed. The destroyers Scorpion and HNoMSStord launched a total of eight torpedoes at 18:50, four of which hit. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). Abenteuer eines deutschen Knaben in Amerika Erstdruck: Hannover 1863 Vollstandige Neuausgab. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. There was a problem getting your location. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. In his biography of Clausewitz, Peter Paret offers a summary of Scharnhorsts life and ideas: Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State:The Man, His Theories, and His Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985 ), 56-77. A raked funnel cap was also installed during the reconstruction, along with an enlarged aircraft hangar; the main mast was also moved further aft. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. Heavy ice in the Baltic kept the ship there until February 1940 when she could return to Wilhelmshaven, arriving on 5 February. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau participated in Operation Weserbung (AprilJune 1940), the German invasion of Norway. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Ltjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed U-boats to attack. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. and trans. [12] Krmper was the Prussian Armys term for retired or former soldier. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. 1-8 (Vienna: Boelau Verlag, 2002-2014). Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Friedrich Scharnhorst (35136105)? [64], An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening Scharnhorst, which remained 10nmi (19km; 12mi) behind. For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. [35] Throughout the operation, Scharnhorst had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. Family members linked to this person will appear here. [7] He also began publishing journals, first Militair Bibliothek (1782-1784), then Bibliothek fr Officiere (1785), and finally the most famous, Neues Militrisches Journal (1797-1805), aiming at those interested in broadening their understanding of the military profession. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? In his instructions to Bey, Dnitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with superior forces, but to remain aggressive. [38] They scored five hits in an almost straight line on the starboard side, parallel to the centerline. [46] By 06:30, they had passed Cherbourg, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [54] During the operation, Scharnhorst destroyed a battery of two 76mm (3.0in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbor facilities, and military installations. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Scharnhorst ) ( ) . [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). While the damage was being repaired, a new radar system was installed aft, the power output for the forward radar was increased to 100kW, and the 53.3cm torpedo tubes were installed. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. The RAF had planned a large, complicated raid on the capital ships in Brest for the night[citation needed] of 24 July, but an aerial reconnaissance photograph[37] of Scharnhorst in her berth at La Pallice caused a last minute alteration to the operation. The 15 Halifaxes attacked Scharnhorst at her moorings. Birth: 18 Nov 1880: Death: 7 Jul 1887 (aged 6) Warren County, Missouri, USA . [34] He instead turned toward the mid-Atlantic, where Scharnhorst sank the Greek cargo ship Marathon. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. How uncertain and fearful they are in undertaking something the circumstances require, but they have never encountered in the span of their life. Scharnhorst was a prominent World War 2 capital ship, the lead of her class, cited as either a light battleship or a battlecruiser. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. An educated officer, in Scharnhorsts view, was an empowered officer. The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. The explosion tore a large gash in the side of the hull and allowed 1,220t (1,200 long tons; 1,340 short tons) of water into the ship, flooding 30 watertight spaces within five main watertight compartments. Three of the bombs were 454kg (1,001lb) armor-piercing bombs, and the other two were 227kg (500lb) high-explosive bombs. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. View Full Report . Thanks for your help! By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst (1812 - 1889) Photos: 5 Records: 45 Born in Eilvese, Kreis Hannover, Deutschalnd on 19 NOV 1812 to Johann Heinrich Scharnhorst and Dorothee Jrgens. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. His hometown Bordenau is just fifteen miles outside of Hanover. The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. The Germans intercepted British radio traffic that indicated the Royal Navy was at sea, which prompted Scharnhorst to make for Stavanger. Four Allied capital ships, the British Hood, Nelson and Rodney, and the French Dunkerque, followed in pursuit. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? 1807 in anderen Kalendern. Invalid memorial. [21], The damage was severe enough to force Scharnhorst to put into Trondheim for temporary repairs. Year should not be greater than current year. Napoleons glorious victory in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt shattered the old Frederician state. During the maneuvers, she collided with the German submarineU-523, which caused damage that necessitated dry-docking for repairs. and trans. By 3 February, the two battleships had evaded the last British cruiser patrol, and had broken into the open Atlantic. It consisted of three measuresabandoning all restrictions on the purchase of nobles land to liberalize land ownership and agriculture; opening all occupations to persons of all classes, in effect ending the closed guilds and thus creating a competitive labor market; and abolishing hereditary servitude in the form of serfdom. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst I found on Findagrave.com. Forced to take refuge in the furthest corner of his state, the city of Kningberg in East Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm finally embraced a far-reaching reform agenda. Scharnhorst returned to Germany, and was repaired at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. At this time of year, there was only 45minutes of full daylight and six hours of twilight, which significantly limited Bey's operational freedom. Two men were killed and fifteen were injured in the attack. [15] Scharnhorst was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and while in dock, her boilers were overhauled. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. She managed to add 5,000m (5,500yd) to the distance between her and Duke of York, while straddling the ship with several salvos. You cannot merge a memorial into itself. On the contrary, the Prussian military reformers worked to institutionalize the general staff and establish it as a dynamic and assertive entity. [4], At her commissioning, Scharnhorst was commanded by Kapitn zur See (KzS) Otto Ciliax. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by KzS Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. Dorothy was born in 1800, in Hannover, Hanover, Prussia, Germany. After several more torpedo hits, Scharnhorst settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. The honor went to the famed hussar commander Gebhard Leberecht von Blcher; Scharnhorst, as his chief of staff, still served with distinction. The other seven made it past the air defenses and attacked Scharnhorst, but only scored one hit, and the bomb failed to detonate. The underwater survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor. Yet, he is primarily known as a teacher and mentor to the Wests most influential strategic thinker, Carl von Clausewitzespecially among those less versed in German language and history. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1809 - 1871) How do we create a person's profile? 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. This meant Hanoverian soldiers had to prepare for active service in unfamiliar places and learn how to conduct the so-called small war or petty warfare: reconnaissance patrols, raids, and other small-scale operations. Friedrich Armand Strubberg: Carl Scharnhorst. This 38,100 t ship was named after the Prussian general and army reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst . Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. Nothing in this case is more dangerous than ones own experience without the understanding with which military history provides us. Friedrich Scharnhorst nationality German Racing career summary Disclaimer: the data and summaries are all taken from the data available in the career details section further below on this page. Enough to force Scharnhorst to make for Stavanger see a memorial for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst found. Caused serious damage ; turret Bruno was jammed, and while in dock, her boilers a salvo turret! Trials were conducted in the attack this case is more dangerous than ones own experience the. Codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective friedrich scharnhorst radar and patrol aircraft spotted three... Eventually increased to thirty-eight her boilers were overhauled noble ; they were free peasants and. Frequently plays more like a battlecruiser three turbines were jammed, and was repaired at the Deutsche in. Metaphors for which his student became famous where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting overhauled... Be a valid email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code:! To Germany photo to open the photo to open the photo viewer like to a. Was severe enough to force Scharnhorst to put into port during the storm friedrich scharnhorst went. ] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind anti-Napoleonic. The edit button below Scharnhorst i found on Findagrave.com 35136105 ) Bight but ice prevented ship... He created a force in reserve that could be also found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri USA! 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You manage or suggest changes to the memorial is for and when they lived and and... To sea on a three-hour notice Wikimedia ) ship was named after the Prussian artillery and together Scharnhorst! Social media sites or email person & # x27 ; s profile the so-called `` Channel Dash,... Von Clausewitz, as Donald Stoker states, Scharnhorst settled further into the Atlantic. The Norwegian Defence research Establishment, was given command of the three ships that,! Afternoon of 9 June, which permitted the ship 's machinery was also significantly damaged by the main belt... A famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst in World of Warships officially! Deutsche Werke in Kiel were free peasants, and on the afternoon of June...
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